Homeless Women Face Extra
Health, Safety Worries

By Moe Ellis and Brooke Tomlin
The Razorback Reporter

Fayetteville, Ark.—About 25 years ago, Cindy Stevenson was 18, pregnant, and living on the streets of Fort Smith.

Stevenson and her now-husband James were stuck with a broken-down car and nothing but the clothes on their backs. They were stranded without jobs or money, and were forced to live on the streets.

The couple could not afford basic necessities like food or shelter, so she was forced to give up her methamphetamine habit. “I would use it like Adderall,” said Stevenson.

She and James eventually found work on a construction site. In the heat of the summer, Stevenson worked as a roofer.  They would sleep on the site in a tent given to them by an acquaintance. With money tight, Stevenson had to give up her birth control pills. Soon, she discovered she was pregnant.

“The best thing that happened to me is I got pregnant,” said Stevenson, who now owns a flower shop, Zuzu’s Petals, in Fayetteville. “I really had no value in my life. I couldn’t care less if I lived or died, but all of a sudden I knew instantly that I had another life I needed to supply for and care about and take care of.”

Stevenson’s story offers insight about the special challenges facing homeless women, from health to personal safety. “Homeless women were more likely to perceive Northwest Arkansas as dangerous than men, raising important questions about the gender gap in safety,” according to a 2015 Northwest Arkansas Homeless Report by the University of Arkansas. 

A 2020 census of homeless people in Northwest Arkansas, known as a “Point-in-Time Count”,  found 369 homeless people, of which 139 were women, according to the NWA Continuum of Care. 

One of those women is Deborah Darlene Olsen, who has been living out of her car in Fayetteville with her dog, Ava Bear. Olsen has an eye out constantly for her personal safety. 

“We are around criminals. I’m around felons, convicts, con artists, thievery, sexual assaults, sexual innuendos, sexual lingo… that sort of stuff,” Olsen said.

Olsen started relying on 7Hills Homeless Center in south Fayetteville for her basic needs after she lost her job cleaning homes and lost possession of her house. Like many homeless people, Olsen’s daily existence is a struggle to find a shower, place to wash her clothes and find her next meal. Yet many homeless women face another reality, living in fear of their safety and on the alert to fight off sexual predators.

Another woman facing similar challenges is Amanda Lynn, who has been in and out of homelessness since the age of five and moved from Montana to Fayetteville to be closer to her family. She has to be wary even in the shelters.

“When I first went to Salvation Army, I had eight different men getting really close, trying to pursue me. Even going so far as to surprising me with sex when I was sleeping and that’s not funny, that’s not fun… It’s real scary,” she said.

One place designed to help homeless mothers is Compassion House in Springdale, which provides teenage mothers with a safe place to stay throughout their pregnancy. Executive Director Rachel Cox oversees around 15 of these homeless mothers a year. “It’s a sad thing we have to exist but we’re grateful we’re here for those who need it,” said Cox.

Those who find shelter with Compassion House must meet requirements during their stay including attending school, working with a mentor, and staying sober. Cox says the most common age range seen by the practice is 15-17, but they accept women up to 19-years-old. The group will house the mothers until they have a safe place to discharge, which can be anywhere between 6 months to 3 years depending on the mother’s age.

Stevenson didn’t use any of the resources now available to homeless young mothers. She and her husband continued working and the two eventually could afford shelter, right before the birth of their son Sam in February 1995. Since then, Stevenson has found stability and has been the owner of a small business, the flower shop, for four years. 

The business continues to grow, as does her family. The couple now has a second son, Titus. 

Rural District Struggles with 14% Student Homeless Rate

By Katy Seiter
The Razorback Reporter

Berryville, Ark. – In the rural Berryville School District on the Missouri-Arkansas border, the struggles with poverty are real, leaving some 14% of the district’s children homeless.

“Many children are coming in unprepared because they haven’t had a good night’s sleep, they don’t have adequate clothes, they have not been fed nutritional meals on a regular basis and, many times, health care needs haven’t been met,” Lisa Geren, principal at Berryville Intermediate School. “All of this impacts the education they receive.”  

The intermediate school, grades 3-5, has 83 homeless students, roughly 17% of enrollment, the most of all schools in the Berryville District.   Federal regulations define homelessness as students staying in shelters or hotels, doubled-up with other families, living unsheltered or unaccompanied youth. The majority of Berryville students fell under the doubled-up category.

Mike Sharp has served in the Transportation Department of the Berryville School District for 20 years. As a bus driver, he has seen the doubling-up firsthand.
 
“There was one time, I dropped a special-needs student off at his apartment, and when I saw through the front door, I was shocked at how many people were staying in there,” Sharp said.
“I couldn’t tell you exactly how many people, or even how many bedrooms the apartment was, but it was crowded, there was a mattress on the floor. I wondered if he even had a bed to sleep on.”

With Berryville being a high poverty community, the school district has seen several families rely on doubling-up, which can lead to transient families. Some families are unable to pay when rent is due, so they leave in the middle of the night to stay at another location, sometimes out of state, and oftentimes with no warning.

“They come back when they have a little more money, but the bottom line is, it’s just a cycle. Nationally, we see this continue over and over, and becoming generational, which is the scary part of it,” Geren said.
 
Apryl Harmon, homeless liaison for Berryville School Districts, agreed that struggling families live together as a consequence of the high poverty in Berryville. “For many families, doubling up is the only way to get by,” Harmon said.
 
The broader Berryville School District was ranked fifth among 264 school districts for the most homeless students in the state of Arkansas, according to an analysis of data by the state Department of Education. According to the 2020 “point in time” census administered by Berryville School District, approximately 268 children, or 14% of their total student enrollment are homeless.
 
“I think a lot of it is because the support networks are not in place in our community. Like many communities in the nation, we do not have enough mental health facilities. We need a therapeutic day program, or even a residential program to help the needs of these families. Those needs are growing greater and greater every year,” Geren said.
 

The Berryville School District does its best to help meet the needs of these children. It is working in conjunction with a social assistance program called Bright Futures, a non-profit organization serving eight states that will let families wash their clothes for free at the laundromat or provide free haircuts.
 
“Bright Futures is a big deal in our district. Just yesterday we used it to purchase a pair of shoes for a student,” Geren said. “He had literally duct-taped the soles of his tennis shoes together to stop them from flapping and falling more apart.”

 
Before school each year, Bright Futures sets up a big event in the Bobcat Arena, a local basketball arena, so children can get school supplies, backpacks, shoes, haircuts, “anything they need,” Harmon said.

In 2019, 16% of Berryville students were enrolled in the special education program. Harmon and Geren believe there to be a correlation between the number of children in the special education program and the number of homeless children. When these homeless students fall behind academically, they are placed into the special education program.
 
“We feel strongly that until we can get a grip on those foundational pieces in a child’s life, the educational piece will not follow. We aren’t seeing a lot of those pieces fall into place like they should,” Geren said.

–Katy Seiter is a senior at the University of Arkansas

In the Shadow of the University, Life in a Homeless Encampment

By Katy Seiter
The Razorback Reporter

FAYETTEVILLE, AR. — William, 30, and his girlfriend lost their apartment after they missed several rent payments. With no housing and no employment, William found a new home in one of the several tent encampments in South Fayetteville, on land owned by the state’s largest university.
 
William set up his tent in an encampment, occupied by eight others, in a muddy area along the Town Branch Trail, a bike path used by professors and students at the nearby University of Arkansas.

In this encampment, William became one of 369 unsheltered people living in Northwest Arkansas, according to a homeless services group, the Northwest Arkansas Continuum of Care. However, within only two weeks of staying there in mid-February, William found himself facing eviction, again.

“We’re getting kicked out of here now,” said William, who did not provide his last name and was apprehensive to share many details on his life. University of Arkansas Police were closing the camp after citizen complaints about trash in the nearby creek. William didn’t know where he would go next.

“Anyone who is homeless, it seems they’re trying to push us further and further out of town,” he said. “It’s farther and farther away from the facilities that help us,” he said. “That makes it even harder.”
 

According to Sgt. Anthony Murphy with the Fayetteville Police Department, a growing number of civilian complaints led University of Arkansas Police to close the encampment,  located on university-owned property.
 
“It’s become unsightly and unsanitary. Trash gets dumped along the banks of the creek, so when it floods, it washes that trash down. A lot of citizens have complained about the amount of trash that has accumulated in the creek,” Sgt. Murphy said. “It becomes a hazard; where are people going to the bathroom? It’s all happening right there.”
 

This isn’t the first time homeless camps in south Fayetteville have been shut down. In September 2018, the University of Arkansas cleared a 60-acre plot of land, forcing approximately 100 homeless people out. Fayetteville Salvation Army responded to the closure by offering immediate overnight shelter to half of these people who had nowhere else to go. According to the university, the homeless camp was a safety concern. In the months prior to the closure, one homeless man was killed. In 2017, two deaths were reported in an encampment on university-owned property.

Finding a semi-permanent location to set up camp is hard enough, but it is not the only challenge that William is facing. As he searches for employment, his hygiene becomes one of many concerns.
 
“Half the time you spend most of your day just trying to get a clean shower,” William said.
“You’ll waste your entire day for that 15-minute relaxed and clean feel.” Another challenge involves just basic communication. “Whenever you’re homeless, it’s hard to even find a phone to be able to contact people about work,” William said.
 
William and his girlfriend went separate ways when they lost their apartment. Since then, his closest companion has been his dog, who recently suffered a broken leg after being hit by a vehicle.

“I’m supposed to keep her under close observation, otherwise she could chew her cast off. I got a note from the vet that says she needs to be kept inside, kept dry, you know, not kept in the cold,” William said. “I was gonna try to keep her with me in the cold shelter last night, and they told me that I couldn’t keep her there, so I ended up staying with her instead of being in the cold shelter.”

On that particular night in February, the low was 18 degrees.

Other homeless individuals described the challenges of living in the woods in Fayetteville. Allen, a 54-year-old native of Northwest Arkansas, has been homeless for seven years. His latest employment was in a dining hall on the University of Arkansas campus before medical issues forced him out of work. In the 1990s, Allen had an eye surgery to correct his vision, but he developed an infection and almost complete blindness in his right eye.

Allen, who did not provide his last name, qualified for financial assistance from a local eye doctor and had additional medical care, but the healing process was slow and has limited Allen’s work opportunities. Without work and without qualifying for disability, Allen began drifting from shelter to shelter during the day and staying in tents at night.

Initially, Allen stayed in an encampment, but the lack of privacy led him to move out on his own

.

The biggest challenge for Allen is keeping dry and keeping his belongings safe. Since he stays alone in his tent, he has no choice but to leave his belongings unguarded when he goes to the shelter. “I’ve had stuff stolen before. I don’t care if it’s just clothing, like a t-shirt. I expect somebody to do that.” But, recently, he found his prescription glasses were missing and wondered if they were stolen. “Why somebody would steal prescription glasses? I don’t know,” he said. “Sometimes people do stuff just for meanness.”

 
Even after spending seven years homeless, Allen remains hopeful to find permanent housing soon. His biggest hope lies in the New Beginnings Homeless Transitional Village, a temporary housing and social services village led by ServeNWA and University of Arkansas sociology professor Kevin Fitzpatrick, an expert on homeless issues. William, on the other hand, will look to settle into a new encampment location and try to find work to begin saving for an apartment.
 

 
Katy Seiter is a student at the School of Journalism and Strategic Media at the University of Arkansas
kseiter@uark.edu

Felons Struggle For Housing, Jobs in Northwest Arkansas

By Whitney King
The Razorback Reporter

Coty Jeter has been chronically homeless since age 13. His attempts to find a job and housing have been greatly complicated by his criminal record, which includes 14 felonies ranging from first-degree forgery to residential burglary, drug possession and driving under the influence. 

With this record, Jeter says finding permanent housing is “pretty hard, because a lot of places don’t give you any kind of a chance.” For some, getting released from incarceration means getting to go home to their families, but for others, it means a new sentence to homelessness, unemployment, and missed opportunities. 

Jeter’s struggle to re-enter society is not unusual. According to a 2015 report by the Community and Family Institute, some 72% of the 2,500 homeless people in Northwest Arkansas have been arrested at least once, and 59% report one or more arrests with a felony charge. 

Nick Robbins, the executive director of Returning Home, a transitional housing initiative in Springdale, Arkansas, says that finding a job is “extremely difficult” for felons.

Returning Home works with people just released from prison. Robbins says employers are unforgiving of criminal records. A “majority of them would just throw away your application, you’ll never even hear from them,” Robbins said.

Through Returning Home, Jeter has found a path towards stability. After completing a 90-day transitional program, Jeter has a full-time maintenance job at a poultry processing plant called George’s Inc. in Springdale, Arkansas. He currently resides at a transitional facility and volunteers five to ten hours a week at the facility, helping others recently released from custody. 

For other felons, finding stable work is nearly impossible. Jack Kuhnle Jr. has been chronically homeless since 1973. Kuhnle claims that he has several felonies, including a murder charge that he believes, was overturned after he served an eight-and-a-half-year sentence in 2005. He claims that his criminal history makes finding a home difficult. 
“Being a felon, fresh out of prison up there [in Seattle], it was real hard to get work,” said Kuhnle, “Things got real bad, couldn’t find a job.” He then came to Northwest Arkansas in 2005 in hopes of finding work. Fifteen years later, he is still homeless and unemployed.

For Kuhnle, housing affordability is a significant challenge. His only income is a $785 monthly check from Social Security for disability and retirement, which puts renting his own apartment out of reach. In Fayetteville, the average apartment rent was $642 in 2016, according to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. 

The struggle Kuhnle faces, being homeless and unemployed, is multifaceted. “If you’re filling in an application, and you don’t have an address to put down, you don’t have a cell phone number, and you have a criminal record, the likelihood of you getting employed is slim to none,” says Robbins.

Another roadblock is the digital divide in the homeless community. Many businesses only hire through online applications, creating yet a disconnect between employers and homeless felons. “Most of the folks in the homeless population, they don’t have those things,” Robbins said, “As the world has progressed with technology, the population in poverty …haven’t adapted to filling in applications online.”

Robbins can empathize with Jeter and Kuhnle since he also served time, over seven years in prison for two armed robberies. He says he “was greatly impacted by the volunteers and the organizations that were coming in and pouring into us [prisoners].”

Returning Home helps address the needs of formerly incarcerated people, providing men’s transitional housing, food, clothing, therapy, hygiene, recovery classes, mental health, life skills, and job placement. The program had more than 250 graduates of their 90-day program in the last year. 

Another organization assisting people released from prison, The Genesis Church, provides free expunging services, which allows first-time offenders to have their records sealed from state and federal court records. Glenn Miller, the Local Missions Coordinator for the Genesis Church, says the problem of formerly incarcerated people being shut out of housing or jobs is “devastating.” 

Miller says every apartment complex and prospective employers will run a background and credit check. “And if something comes up, a lot of the property managers will just say no,” he said. Making matters worse, the applicant usually has to pay for the background check.

Elias Weiss writes about transgender homeless youth in Northwest Arkansas. He first started reporting on LGBTQ+ homelessness two years ago, publishing his coverage in The Arkansas Traveler in October 2018. Elias worked as a lifestyles reporter for The Northwest Arkansas Democrat-Gazette before studying journalism further at Linnaeus University in Sweden in 2019. He has since served as the opinion editor for the Traveler and reported Razorback sports for the Gazette. His reporting of LGBTQ+ homelessness has changed his worldview and made him understand how many people in his community struggle silently around him.